Human capital in the circular economy: how to turn waste into innovation

Abstract

The relevance of the topic is due to the transition of the world economy from a linear production-consumption-waste model to a circular one, where human capital plays a key role as a driver of innovation and sustainable development. It is the knowledge, creativity and environmental awareness of employees that determine the ability of businesses to turn waste into resources and create added value. In the context of global environmental challenges, investing in human capital development is becoming a strategic tool for the transition to a green economy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of human capital in the development of the circular economy. The study uses such methods as analysis and synthesis, system analysis, qualitative content analysis, case analysis, comparative analysis, institutional analysis, and conceptual analysis. The object of research is the circular economy as a modern model of sustainable development. The article highlights the role of human capital as a key mechanism for the transition to a circular economy. The directions of integration of the circular economy principles into the development of human capital are determined. The influence of each level on the formation of new competencies is determined. As a result, a modern paradigm of human capital is being formed. The main ideas and trends in modern research and practice related to waste management and human capital management are analyzed. A comparison of classical and green investment approaches (ESG/impact) shows a shift in planning horizons, evaluation criteria, and the importance of human capital. In practical terms, this can serve as a basis for developing effective mechanisms for training, retraining, and motivating staff to apply the principles of the circular economy at enterprises. Involvement of human resources allows us to optimize production processes, reduce waste and increase resource efficiency. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the formation of educational programs, corporate strategies in the field of sustainable development and state policy on the "green" transformation of the economy.